Facts & Rumors # 315

Save these 2019 for Shale Directories Seminars

 

Utica Midstream March 21, 2019 Walsh University North Canton, OH www.uticasummit.com

Upstream PA 2019 April 17, 2019 Penn Stater Conference Center State College, PA

Latest facts and a rumor from the Marcellus, Utica, Permian, Eagle Ford, and Bakken Shale Plays

New DOE Study Supports Ethane Appalachian Storage Hub.   An ethane storage/distribution hub in the Appalachian Basin offers the U.S. petrochemical and plastics industries supply and geographic diversity, mitigates feedstock price spikes, and lessens the possibility of weather-related production disruption, a new Department of Energy report states. The 91-page report, mandated by, and delivered to, the U.S. Congress, entitled “Ethane Storage and Distribution Hub in the United States,” highlights the potential in Appalachia for a hub due to the huge availability and low-cost of natural gas liquids available via the Marcellus and Utica Shale plays. And the Trump administration is prepared to support such a project, Kallanish Energy reports.

'Incredible opportunity'

“There is an incredible opportunity to establish an ethane storage and distribution hub in the Appalachian region and build a robust petrochemical industry in Appalachia,” said U.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, speaking Tuesday at the annual National Petroleum Council Meeting in Washington D.C. “As our report shows, there is sufficient global need and enough regional resources to help the U.S. gain a significant share of the global petrochemical market. “The Trump Administration would also support an Appalachia hub to strengthen our energy and manufacturing security by increasing our geographic production diversity.” The report to Congress examines the potential for a hub by comparing it to existing ones that already service the Gulf Coast and Permian Basin, which account for most of the U.S. growth in natural gas liquids outside Appalachia.

Supporting economic security

In addition, market analysis from the report emphasizes development of an Appalachian hub may offer a competitive advantage for the U.S. to gain global petrochemical market share while not being in conflict with ongoing Gulf Coast expansion. The report explains a new Appalachian hub would enhance the geographic diversity of the U.S. petrochemical industrial sector, supporting U.S. economic security. The regional group currently working on securing both public and private funding for an Appalachian Basin hub, said it’s not surprised with the DOE report’s conclusion.

Pleased, not surprised

Appalachia Development Group LLC (ADG) told Kallanish Energy it’s pleased -- though not surprised -- with the results of the DOE report. “This report further validates the strategic importance of the Appalachia Storage and Trading Hub and the positive impacts it will have on our country and our allies around the world,” said Steve Hedrick, chairman & CEO of ADG.  “Ensuring the opportunity for geographic diversification of the nation’s chemical manufacturing assets, while leveraging the regional resources in Appalachia in the safest, most efficient manner possible, provides a truly unique opportunity that requires public-private collaboration to see it forward.”

Industrial catalyst

The proposed, roughly $3.5 billion hub is considered to be a catalyst for industrial development within the Appalachian region. The American Chemistry Council estimates $36 billion in new petrochemical investments, more than 100,000 new long-term jobs that includes more than $6 billion in annual payroll and $2.9 billion in annual tax revenue for the Appalachian region, should the hub be built in West Virginia, Ohio or Pennsylvania. Currently, the U.S. has ethane hubs at Mont Belvieu, Texas, and Conway, Kansas. There also is a hub in Sarnia, Ontario Canada. “… both Mont Belvieu and Conway are in relatively close proximity to the growing NGL production projected from the Permian Basin in the Southwest,” according to the DOE report (reviewed by Kallanish Energy). “The East region of the U.S. currently is without a NGL storage hub similar to Mont Belvieu, Conway, or Sarnia. The extent to which East region NGLs will be converted and consumed locally will depend on regional infrastructure additions and, more specifically, the interplay between storage and transportation.”

Ethane production keeps growing

Ethane production in the Appalachian Basin is projected to continue to grow through 2025, to a total of 640,000 barrels per day (Bpd) -- more than 20 times greater than just five years ago. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, natural gas production in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia has increased so rapidly their combined share of total U.S. natural gas production has jumped from 2% in 2008, to 27% in 2017. In addition, natural gas liquids processing and fractionating capacity in Appalachia has grown quickly to match this increase in natural gas production. However, the Appalachian region currently lacks other physical infrastructure for a “hub” that connects supply and demand sources, including storage for NGLs. Williams Introduces New Pipeline Project.  A major operator of energy infrastructure in Pennsylvania is planning a $500 million project to increase the amount of Marcellus Shale natural gas that can be transported from wells in the northern and western parts of the state. The increased capacity will supply enough natural gas to meet the daily needs of approximately 2.5 million homes, The Williams Cos. says. Commitments from producers Seneca Resources Co., Cabot Oil & Gas and UGI Utilities will enable it to expand its Transco pipeline daily capacity by 582,400 dekatherms (a dekatherm is equivalent to about 1,000 cubic feet), it says. The company cites a growing demand for natural gas along the Atlantic seaboard. The Leidy South Project is in the pre-filing stage with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission during which public comment is sought. Williams has scheduled open houses from 6 to 8 p.m. Tuesday at the Hughesville Volunteer Fire Co. in Hughesville, and from 6 to 8 p.m. the following day at the Chapman Twp. Volunteer Fire Co. in North Bend. Dates and locations for open houses in Schuylkill and Luzerne counties have not been set, the company says. The timetable calls for Williams next summer to submit to FERC an application to begin construction in early 2021. The project limits environmental impacts by maximizing the use of existing infrastructure, Williams says. The Leidy South Project includes: Replacement of 6.09 miles of Transco's existing 24-inch pipe with a 36-inch line and install a 2.46-mile, 32-inch loop, both in northwestern Clinton County. Installation of a 42-inch, 3.55-mile loop in Lycoming County near the Columbia County line. Updates to a compressor station in Columbia County and one in western Schuylkill County, both on the Central Penn South line. Updates to a compressor station in Wyoming and one in Luzerne County on the Central Penn North line. A loop is new pipe connected to and placed adjacent to an existing pipeline in the same easement. Pennsylvania is the second largest gas-producing state behind Texas, averaging 15 billion cubic feet a day, Williams noted. While record volumes of natural gas are being produced, consumer access to it is limited by insufficient pipeline infrastructure, it says. Williams operates more than 3,600 miles of transmission and gathering pipelines in Pennsylvania. Latest News on LyondellBasell – Braskem. (Thanks, Tom Gellrich, TopLine Analytics)    Brazilian court blocks Boeing-Embraer deal = politics getting into business following the election in Brazil. The judge argued that since the Brazilian Federal Government is changing, the decision is aimed at preserving the possibility of reversing the deal, in the case the new government is against it. The new Brazilian government is pro-business, so this is only a delay. The Braskem - LyondellBasell deal may be in the same boat. Previously it looked like that deal would be completed the first half of 2019. Shale Revolution Reduces Trade Deficit by $250B.  What if the shale revolution had never happened? We’d be another $250 billion in the hole with our trade deficit. That’s the finding of a new report released by IHS Markit titled “Trading Places: How the Shale Revolution Has Helped Keep the U.S. Trade Deficit in Check.” The report finds the total U.S. merchandise trade deficit in 2017 was $250 billion lower than it otherwise would have been if the petroleum (crude oil, refined products and natural gas liquids – petroleum liquids separated out from natural gas and also known as NGLs) trade deficit had remained at its 2007 level. Thank God for shale! The report also examines the impact of rising U.S. oil, natural gas and chemicals production on the domestic trade merchandise balance and how the U.S. position in energy and chemicals may evolve in coming years. Interesting stuff. The boom in U.S. oil and gas production over the past decade has exerted a moderating force on what is a large domestic merchandise trade deficit by helping reduce the country’s net petroleum imports, a new report by business information provider IHS Markit (Nasdaq: INFO) says. Continued U.S. production growth is now on track to make the country a net-exporter of petroleum for the first time since at least 1949. The total U.S. merchandise trade deficit in 2017 was nearly $250 billion lower than it otherwise would have been if the petroleum (crude oil, refined products and natural gas liquids – petroleum liquids separated out from natural gas and also known as NGLs) trade deficit had remained at its 2007 level, the report finds. IHS Markit projects that the U.S. petroleum trade balance will further improve by roughly $50 billion between 2017 and 2022. The findings are part of a new report entitled Trading Places: How the Shale Revolution Has Helped Keep the U.S. Trade Deficit in Check. The report examines the impact of rising U.S. oil, natural gas and chemicals production on the domestic trade merchandise balance and how the U.S. position in energy and chemicals may evolve in coming years. “The improved U.S. trade position in petroleum has been a counterbalancing force helping to keep the U.S. trade deficit in check over the past decade,” said Daniel Yergin, vice chairman, IHS Markit. “The resurgence of domestic oil and gas production has flipped the trade position of several products along the energy value chain on their heads, while that of other products, such as crude oil, have been significantly reduced.” U.S. production of liquids (crude oil and natural gas liquids) nearly doubled from about 7 million barrels a day (mbd) in 2007 to 13 mbd in 2017 and 14.8 mbd in the first nine months of 2018. Crude oil alone rose from 5 mbd in 2007 to 9.4 mbd in 2017 and averaging 10.6 mbd in the first 9 months of 2018 — and hitting 11.2 mbd in October 2018. This rise, combined with a slight decline in domestic demand, contributed to a sharp fall in U.S. petroleum net imports as a share of total consumption – from a high of 60 percent in 2005 to 19 percent in 2017 and 14 percent in nine months of 2018. IHS Markit estimates that the U.S. petroleum trade deficit in dollars fell from about $320 billion in 2007 to about $75 billion in 2017 as net imports declined. During this same time, when the petroleum trade deficit was shrinking dramatically, the trade deficit for non-petroleum merchandise grew by about $230 billion. The continued growth of U.S. crude oil and NGL production—along with relatively flat liquids demand—are expected to make the U.S. a net-petroleum exporter by early next decade, the report says. This would be the first time since at least 1949 that the U.S. was not a net petroleum importer. “The United States moving from net imports to being a net petroleum exporter would be an historic shift, something not achieved since at least the Truman administration,” said David Witte, senior vice president and division head for energy and chemicals at IHS Markit. “It speaks to the profound and continued impact that the U.S. shale boom has had in terms of investment, job creation, manufacturing, GDP and now trade.” The resurgence of U.S. oil and gas production has already altered the domestic net trade position of a number of energy products over the same 2007-2017 period, the report says. IHS Markit expects exports of these products to continue to rise. They include:

• Refined products: from about 1 mbd of net imports in 2007 to about 2 mbd net exports in 2017 – a positive change of about 3 mbd
• Natural Gas Liquids: from 0.2 mbd net imports in 2007 to 1.1 mbd of net exports in 2017 – a positive change of more than 1 mbd.
• Natural Gas: from 10.4 bcf/d of net imports in 2007 to 0.4 bcf/d of net exports in 2017 – a positive change of nearly 11 bcf/d
• Gas-and NGL-based chemicals: from about 6 MMt/y of net imports in 2007 to about 4 MMt/y of net exports—a positive change of more than 9 MMt/y
• Crude oil: from about 10 mbd of net imports in 2007 to about 7 mbd of imports in 2017 – a positive change of about 3 mbd

The report does caution that trade tensions between the U.S. and its trading partners could introduce new risks and therefore alter the trajectory of global energy trade and energy demand. In particular, the report notes recent frictions with China, which is a growth market for U.S. exports of LNG, crude oil, NGLs and gas- and NGL-based chemicals. “Overall turmoil in world trade patterns could not only dampen trade along the energy value chain but also affect global economic growth and thus impact demand for the many hydrocarbon and chemical products that depend on economic growth,” said Jeff Meyer, director, oil markets at IHS Markit.* Permit Info – Antero, Ascent, and SWN.   Antero Resources Corp. has been issued permits for three Shiloh-Wick Field-Marcellus Shale ventures in Tyler County, W.Va. The permitted wells will be drilled from a drill pad on a 317-acre lease in Centerville District, Middlebourne 7.5 Quad. The Heintzman Unit 1H well has a planned depth of 17,800 ft and will be drilled to the south. The Heintzman Unit 2H well has a planned depth of 17,500 ft and will be drilled to the southeast. The Heintzman Unit 3H well has a planned depth of 17,400 ft and will be drilled to the east-southeast. Nearby production in the Shiloh-Wick Field is at an Antero Utica producer, Rymer Unit 4HD. It was completed in 2016 flowing 20 MMcf/d of gas. Ascent Resources LLC has received permits for four Utica Shale-Colerain Field wells in Jefferson County, Ohio. The wells will be drilled from a drill pad in Section 34, Mount Pleasant Township. The Ruth E MTP 2H well has a planned depth of 22,000 ft, and the Ruth E MTP 4H well has a planned depth of 22,000 ft. The Ruth E MTP 6H well has a planned depth of 22,500 ft, and the Ruth E MTP 8H well has a planned depth of 23,000 ft. Ascent Resources LLC is underway at two Jewett Consolidated Field wells in Jefferson County, Ohio. The Utica Shell wells are on a 378-acre lease in Section 18-8n 3w. The Geno E SMF JF 5H well has a planned depth of 24,300 ft and will be drilled to the northwest. The offsetting Geno W SMF JF 1H well has a planned depth of 26,000 ft, and it will be drilled to the north. Nearby production is at an American Energy Partners completion in Section 27 in the Dillonvale 7.5 Quad at the Smithfield  A 1H-27 well. The Smithfield pad discovery was drilled to 18,525 ft (9,631 ft true vertical depth), and it was tested flowing 18.1 MMcf/d of gas. Southwestern Energy Co. has received permits to drill two Marcellus Shale tests from a drill pad in Ohio County, W.Va. The Roy Riggle OHI 6H well has a projected depth of 12,429 ft and a projected true vertical depth of 6,542 ft. It will be drilled to the northeast. The offsetting Roy Riggle OHI 206H well has a planned depth of 15,325 ft and a planned true vertical depth of 6,519 ft. It will be drilled to the southeast. The company also has received permits to drill Marcellus ventures in nearby Brooke County, W.Va., at the Worthley Brk 1H, Worthley 201H, Worthley Brk 210H and Worthley Brk 5H wells. Largest Oil and NatGas Potential Ever in TX and NM.  The US Geological Survey assessed that the Bone Spring Formation in Texas and Wolfcamp Shale in New Mexico contain the largest oil and natural gas potential ever found, the Department of the Interior said in a press release on Thursday. "he Wolfcamp Shale and overlying Bone Spring Formation in the Delaware Basin portion of Texas and New Mexico’s Permian Basin province contain an estimated mean of 46.3 billion barrels of oil, 281 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 20 billion barrels of natural gas liquids," the release said. Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke celebrated the assessment by saying that the United States has a lot of energy and the country's dominance in the energy sector is now proven. The Wolfcamp shale in the Midland Basin portion of the Texas Permian Basin province has been examined by the US Geological Survey in 2016. The organization concluded then that the formation contained an estimated mean of 20 billion barrels of oil, 16 trillion cubic feet of associated natural gas and 1.6 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. ETP Launches Open Season.  Energy Transfer LP (ET), via its Sunoco Pipeline L.P. unit, has launched a binding open season to solicit shipper commitments of C3+ (natural gas liquids, excluding ethane) from the Marcellus/Utica Shale play in Pennsylvania to facilities in Claymont, Delaware and Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, through the Mariner East pipeline system. The open season will allow Sunoco Pipeline to add additional product commitments to the pipeline, which is nearing completion, according to Energy Transfer. The Mariner East 2 line is designed to move NGLs across Pennsylvania to the Marcus Hook Industrial Complex near Philadelphia, with 275,000 barrels per day of capacity when completed by Jan. 1, 2019, Kallanish Energy learns. The Mariner East 2X project will Increase NGL takeaway from the Marcellus to the East Coast w/ storage at Marcus Hook Industrial Complex, when completed in the third quarter of 2019. Mariner East 1 originally went into service four years ago flowing propane. In the first quarter of 2016, ethane was added to the flow, via the series of pipelines from the Marcellus/Utica in Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Energy Transfer LP is the new name for the now-merged Energy Transfer Equity and Energy Transfer Partners. Jupiter Connecting the Permian to the World.  Jupiter CEO Tom Ramsey believes the Texas crude transport, storage and pipeline operator can soon connect the Permian wellhead to the world. Jupiter MLP is now collecting shipper interest in a Permian crude pipeline that could connect producers to three export terminals along the Texas Gulf Coast. After earning funding in October for a 600-mile-plus pipeline with several origination points across the West Texas and New Mexico, Jupiter is now less than a year-and-a-half away from commencing operation. The pipeline has already received the necessary rights-of-way. Once complete, the pipeline will provide deep water port access at Houston, Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas. Charon System Advisors is providing the funding for the build-out of the pipeline. In Brownsville, Jupiter has already secured the ability to store. Repsol To Increase Drilling in the Marcellus.  Spain’s Repsol SA expects to raise production in the Marcellus natural gas shale field by about 50% by year-end 2020 due to efficiency gains, an executive said at an industry conference in New York on Dec. 6. “With just the addition of one rig and investment of about $400 million a year, we're going to be able to raise production by 50 percent and be cumulative cash flow positive by the end of 2020,” Paul Ferneyhough, executive director of North America for Repsol said at the S&P Global Platts Global Energy Outlook Forum. Repsol holds an interest in 168,400 net acres in the Marcellus Shale, one of the largest natural gas fields in the world, extending throughout the Appalachian Basin and stretching across Pennsylvania, according to its website. PA NatGas Production. Up! Up! Up!  Pennsylvania’s natural gas production, producing wells, and average per-well production all via horizontal drilling in 2018 continues in the direction the category trio has followed since 2011: Data distributed by the state’s Independent Fiscal Office reveals from 2011 through 2017, and full-year 2018 results based on nine months of data, show substantial increases in all three categories – triple-digit percentages from 2011-2018, Kallanish Energy calculates. Production volume is projected to hit 6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) this year, up 646 billion cubic feet from 2017’s 5.35 Tcf production, and a whopping 4.95 Tcf – 472% -- from 2011’s horizontal well production of 1.05 Tcf. The number of producing wells for 2018 is projected at 8,600, up 710 wells, or 9%, from 2017’s 7,890 producing wells, and up 6,832 wells, 386.4%, from 2011’s 1,768 producing horizontal wells. Also, the all-important average production per well continues to climb, the Independent Fiscal Office reports. The Office is projected to reach 1.58 billion cubic feet (Bcf) this year, up 301 million cubic feet (Mmcf), or 23.6%, from 2017’s 1.28 Bcf. The 2018 projection would be 904 Mmcf, or 134.5%, higher than 2011’s 672 Mmcf average production per well. Comparing individual Pennsylvania counties, Susquehanna County, in the northeast portion of the state, led in both production and share of total state production, according to the state Independent Fiscal Office. Susquehanna in 2018 is projected to produce 1.07 Tcf, up 10.7% from 2017’s 966.1 Bcf of production. The county’s share of total production is 213.9%. Second place is Washington County, in Pennsylvania’s southwest quadrant, expected to produce 862.4 Bcf this year, up 27.2% from 2017’s 677.9 Bcf, with the county grabbing a 19.3% share of statewide production. SWN Totally Focused on Appalachian Basin.  Southwestern Energy said Tuesday the independent producer has completed the sale of its Fayetteville Shale assets in Arkansas to privately-held Flywheel Energy for $1.65 billion net to the seller. The Spring, Texas-based Southwestern now has all its operations concentrated in West Virginia and northeast Pennsylvania, Kallanish Energy calculates. “This strategic transaction represents a further significant step in the transformation of the company,” says Bill Way, president and CEO of Southwestern. “We’re now better positioned to leverage our leading technical and operating capabilities to drive greater value from our highly attractive and significant asset base in Appalachia, pay down debt and create even greater financial flexibility.” The assets sold include 716 million cubic feet per day (mmcf/d) of net production from 4,033 producing wells across over 900,000 net acres, and an integrated midstream gathering system with over 2,000 miles of gathering pipelines and more than 50 compressor stations, all located in central Arkansas. As a result of this deal, the company said it's further strengthening its balance sheet and is positioned to capture greater returns from its 500,000 acres in the Appalachian Basin. The proceeds will be used to retire senior notes of $900 million, retire the outstanding balance under the company’s revolving credit facility, repurchase stock up to the remainder of the company’s $200 million stock buyback program and invest in Appalachia assets over the next two years. Southwestern’s fourth-quarter production guidance will be impacted by a reduction of roughly 19 billion cubic feet resulting from the Fayetteville sale. Flywheel was backed in the deal by a $700 million equity commitment from alternative investor Kayne Private Energy Income Funds. PA and OH Permitting in October and November 2018.  The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection issued 269 permits across the state for drilling and operating an unconventional well in October and November 2018. In western Pennsylvania, there were 58 permits issued in Washington County; 31 permits issued in Greene County; 21 permits in Westmoreland County; 15 permits issued in Allegheny and Butler counties; and two permits issued in Beaver County. In the first 11 months of this year, there have been a total of 1,687 permits issued across the commonwealth. Of those, there were 301 permits issued in Greene County. Other top counties for drilling/operating permits in western Pennsylvania were: Washington, 282; Westmoreland County, 132; Butler, 88; Allegheny, 73; Beaver, 60; Fayette, 41; and Armstrong, 32. Drilling also remains active in the northcentral region of Pennsylvania, where there are 5,421 active horizontal wells drilled since the beginning of 2008. Statewide, there are 10,817 active horizontal wells.

Ohio numbers

As of Nov. 17, there were 2,081 deep horizontal wells producing in the Utica or Point Pleasant shale plays in Ohio. Another 376 have been drilled, but are not producing at this time, according to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Of the 36 horizontal wells drilled in the Marcellus Shale in Ohio, 23 are producing wells. Eighteen of those 23 are in Monroe County, primarily in Ohio Township. Another three are in Belmont County, and there are single wells producing in Carroll and Jefferson counties in the Marcellus play. The ODNR issued 22 permits in the Utica/Point Pleasant shale plays in October, and 11 permits in November, as of Nov. 17. Guernsey County. There were seven permits issued in October and 0 in November in Guernsey County. Of the October permits, six are being drilled, four on the Fineran site in Wills Township and two on the Posey site in Oxford Township. The remaining permit was also issued for a well on the Posey site. All were issued to Eclipse Resources. Jefferson County. Ascent Resources Utica received eight new permits in Jefferson County in October, four for the Faldowski site and four on the Lori sites, all in Smithfield Township. Ascent is drilling on six of the sites. Another permit was issued on the Lori site in Smithfield Township in November. Monroe County. Equinor USA Onshore Properties (formerly Statoil) received two permits in October for horizontal wells in Green Township, and in November, Eclipse Resources received four permits in Switzerland Township. Three were for the Craig Miller wells, and the fourth on the Pittman site. Harrison County. Four permits were issued in October in Harrison County’s Archer Township to Chesapeake Exploration. One of the four, all issued for the Davis Trust wells, is being drilled. Chesapeake received another three permits in November 2018, all for the Wunnenberg wells in Cadiz Township. Also in November, Ascent Resources Utica received three permits for the Ellen well in Moorefield Township. Noble County. Triad Hunter LLC received a permit for drilling in Noble County’s Jefferson Township for a site dubbed “Woodchopper.”

Shale oil and gas at a glance

The companies with the most Ohio Utica shale permits, as of Nov. 17, are:

• Chesapeake Exploration, with 886 (719 producing)
• Ascent Resources Utica, 485 (367 producing)
• Gulfport Energy Corporation, 406 (299 producing)
• Antero Resources Corporation, 260 (215 producing)

Drilling interest is shifting south: Belmont County has the most total drilling permits issued since 2011, at 585, passing Carroll County, which was the state’s first boom area and has 525 drilling permits. There were 54 drilling permits issued in Belmont County in 2018, compared to only five in Carroll County. Monroe County, which has 418 total permits, received 45 permits in 2018. Harrison County remains active, with 33 of its total 433 permits issued in 2018. Guernsey County has 242 total permits, with 32 issued to date in 2018. Utica Shale natural gas production in Ohio was more than 21 times greater in 2017 than in 2012. Pennsylvania’s gross natural gas production, primarily from the Marcellus Shale, reached nearly 5.5 trillion cubic feet in 2017, and the state was the nation’s second-largest natural gas producer after Texas. Marcellus shale map Pennsylvania now has 10,817 active horizontal wells drilled across the state. Washington County has the most active wells, at 1,884, followed by Susquehanna, in the northcentral region, with 1,551 active wells. In the U.S., estimated production of natural gas from shale plays increased 9% in 2017. The Marcellus shale play is the largest natural gas shale play in the United States by volume of reserves. Joe Barone jbarone@shaledirectories.com 610.764.1232

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